This scoping study, aimed to determine the uses and risks of aquatic plants, showed their many uses, however widely traded ornamentals pose significant risks. The study showed that the traits that allow ornamental plants to do well in cultivation are often the same characteristics that enable the plant to develop as a pest. The study concluded that the economic importance of sustainable natural populations of aquatic plants alone warrants their protection and enhancement. The study also provides recommendations including performing appropriate risk analysis of the introduction of new species and applying phytosanitary measures to contain the spread of some known regulated pests in the ornamental trade.