The results of a 2013 survey conducted by the Implementation Review and Support System (IRSS) reviewing the implementation of the International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM) 13, concerning guidelines for the notification of non-compliance and emergency action. The questionnaire requested information on perceived constraints to implementation and factors affecting countries’ reactions, actions and investigations in regard to notifications. It also sought information on the ways countries determine significant instances of non-compliance, actions taken to resume trade, and formal mechanisms employed for contentious issues that have not been solved bilaterally.