Until relatively recently, downy mildew on all Papaver species were assumed to be the single species, Peronospora arborescens. With the advent of molecular taxonomy, the species has been revisited and a recent paper by Voglmayr et al. (2014) describes two species infecting Papaver somniferum (Peronospora meconopsidis and P. somniferi).
Peronospora somniferi causes discoloured blotches on the upper leaf surface (pale green to purple brown) with grey-purple mould-like growth on the lower surface of Papaver somniferum leaves, corresponding to the blotches on the upper surface. Severely affected leaves are shrivelled and brown, and the plants are stunted.